Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: OTUB2 induces M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization and increases CD274 expression in gastric cancer cells to aggravate the progression of gastric cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08743-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A ELISA was used to detect alterations in IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β1 in the supernatants of GC cells after OTUB2 was upregulated or downregulated. B Inhibition of the YAP/TAZ pathway prevented the promotion of TGF-β1 secretion in GC cells caused by the overexpression of OTUB2. C OTUB2 regulated the expression of TGF-β1 in GC cells. D Inhibition of the YAP/TAZ pathway prevented the increase in TGF-β1 expression in GC cells caused by the overexpression of OTUB2 by increasing SMAD7. E The expression of YAP/TAZ, SMAD7 and TGF-β1 and infiltration of M2 TAMs (CD163 and CD206) in GC tissues with different OTUB2 expression levels were detected via IHC staining (scale bar: 50 µm). F The correlations among OTUB2, YAP/TAZ, SMAD7 and TGF-β1 were analyzed via IHC. ns: not significant, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for IL-4 (RK00003, ABclonal, China), IL-6 (RK00004, ABclonal, China), IL-10 (RK000012, ABclonal, China), IL-13 (RK00034, ABclonal, China), and TGF-β1 (RK00055, ABclonal, China) were used to measure the optical density (OD) values of these cytokines in serum-free supernatants from an equal number of GC cells in each group, in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Inhibition, Over Expression, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: OTUB2 induces M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization and increases CD274 expression in gastric cancer cells to aggravate the progression of gastric cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08743-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A The image presents the subcutaneous tumors of AGS cells after overexpressing OTUB2. B The image presents the subcutaneous tumors formed from HGC27 cells after OTUB2 was downregulated. C The volume changes and weight differences of the subcutaneous tumors. D IHC staining of OTUB2, YAP/TAZ, TGF-β1, CD274 and ki-67 in subcutaneous tumors from nude mice (scale bar: 20 µm). * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for IL-4 (RK00003, ABclonal, China), IL-6 (RK00004, ABclonal, China), IL-10 (RK000012, ABclonal, China), IL-13 (RK00034, ABclonal, China), and TGF-β1 (RK00055, ABclonal, China) were used to measure the optical density (OD) values of these cytokines in serum-free supernatants from an equal number of GC cells in each group, in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: OTUB2 induces M2 tumor-associated macrophage polarization and increases CD274 expression in gastric cancer cells to aggravate the progression of gastric cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08743-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A The image presents the subcutaneous tumors of MFC cells after overexpressing OTUB2. B The image presents the subcutaneous tumors formed from MFC cells after OTUB2 was downregulated. C Upregulated OTUB2 facilitated the growth of MFC cells. D Downregulated OTUB2 suppressed the growth of MFC cells. E IHC staining of OTUB2, Yap/Taz, TGF-β1, CD274, and Ki-67 and infiltration of M2 TAMs (Cd163 and CD206) and CD8 + T cells (Cd3 and Cd8a) in the subcutaneous tumors of C57BL/6 mice (scale bar: 40 µm). ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits for IL-4 (RK00003, ABclonal, China), IL-6 (RK00004, ABclonal, China), IL-10 (RK000012, ABclonal, China), IL-13 (RK00034, ABclonal, China), and TGF-β1 (RK00055, ABclonal, China) were used to measure the optical density (OD) values of these cytokines in serum-free supernatants from an equal number of GC cells in each group, in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Red yeast rice extract’s impact on liver health: a pharmacological and metabolomic exploration

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1771594

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of liver functional and inflammatory factors in serum ( n = 6). (A–I) Expression of ALT, AST, ALT/AST, ƴ-GT, ALP, ALB, TBiL, DBiL, TBA in serum. (J – M) Expression of inflammation indexes TNF- α , IL-4, IL-1 β , and TGF- β in serum. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 via CON group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 via MOD group.

Article Snippet: TNF- α (cat: EK382-01), TGF- β (cat: EK981-01), IL-4 (cat: EK304-01), IL-1β (cat: EK301BHS-01) rat kits were purchased from Multisciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay